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First Italian War of Independence
The First Italian War of Independence was fought in 1848 and 1849 between the Kingdom of Sardinia and the Austrian Empire. The war saw main battles at Custoza and Novara in which the Austrians under Radetzky managed to defeat the Piedmontese.
==The revolution of 1848==
In 1848 revolutionary riots broke out in numerous places in the Apennines, as well in many other parts of Europe. Charles Albert in Piedmont and Leopold II in the Grand-Duchy of Tuscany had been forced to make concessions to the democrats. With Vienna itself in revolt, both the cities of Milan (in the Five Days) and Venice (the short-lived Repubblica di San Marco, reconquered by the Austrians in 1849), the capitals of the Kingdom of Lombardy-Venetia under Austrian rule, revolted. Sicily, excepting Messina, expelled the Bourbon armies. Charles II of Bourbon also was compelled to leave the Duchy of Parma.
The Kingdom of Sardinia decided to exploit the apparently favourable moment, and declared war on Austria, in alliance with the Papal States and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and attacked the weakened Austria in her Italian possessions.〔http://www.victorianweb.org/history/risorgimento/2.html〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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